物理學家的幾何學(英文版)

物理學家的幾何學(英文版)
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NT $ 438
 

內容簡介

This book is intended to provide a working knowledge of those parts of exterior differential forms, differential geometry, algebraic and differential topology, Lie groups, vector bundles, and Chern forms that are essential for a deeper understanding of both classical and modern physics and engineering. Included are discussions of analytical and fluid dynamics, electromagnetism (in flat and curved space), thermodynamics, elasticity theory, the geometry and topology of Kirchhoff’s electric circuit laws, soap films, special and general relativity, the Dirac operator and spinors, and gauge fields, including Yang-Mills, the Aharonov-Bohm effect, Berry phase, and instanton winding numbers, quarks, and the quark model for mesons. Before a discussion of abstract notions of differential geometry, geometric intuition is developed through a rather extensive introduction to the study of surfaces in ordinary space; consequently, the book should be of interest also to mathematics students.

This book will be useful to graduate and advanced undergraduate students of physics, engineering, and mathematics. It can be used as a course text of for self-study.

This second edition includes three new appendices, Appendix C, Symmetries, Quarks, and Meson Masses (which concludes with the famous Gell-Mann/Okubo mass formula); Appendix D, Representations and Hyperelastic Bodies; and Appendix E, Orbits and Morse-Bott Theory in Compact Lie Groups. Both Appendix C and D involve results from the theory of representations of compact Lie groups, which are developed here. Appendix E delves deeper into the geometry and topology of compact Lie groups.

Theodore Frankel received his Ph.D.from the University of California,Berkeley.He is currently emeritus professor of mathematics at the University of California,San Diego.
 

目錄

Preface to the Second Edition
Perface to the Revised Printing
Perface to the First Edition
Ⅰ Manifolds, Tensors, and Exterior Forms
1 Manifolds and Vector Fields
1.1a.Submanifolds of RN
1.1b.The Geometry of Jacobian Matrices:The“Differential”
1.1c.The Main Theorem on Submanifolds of RN
1.1d.A Nontrivial Example:The Configuration Space of a Rigid Body
1.2.Manifolds
1.2a.Some Notions from Point Set Topology
1.2b.The Idea of a Manifold
1.2c.A Rigorous Definition of a Manifold
1.2d.Complex Manifolds:The Riemann Sphere
1.3.Tangent Vectors and Mappings
1.3a.Tangent or“Contravariant”Vectors
1.3b.Vectors as Differential Operators
1.3c.The Tangent Space to M(n)at a Point
1.3d.Mappings and Submanifolds of Manifolds
1.3e.Change of Coordinates
1.4.Vector Fields and Flows
1.4a.Vector Fields and Flows on R(n)
1.4b.Vector Fields on Manifolds
1.4c.Straightening Flows
2 Tensors and Exterior Forms
2.1.Covectors and Riemannian Metrics
2.1a.Linear Functionals and the Dual Space
2.1b.The Differential of a Function
2.1c.Scalar Products in Linear Algebra
2.1d.Riemannian Manifolds and the Gradient Vector
2.1e.Curves of Steepest Ascent
2.2.The Tangent Bundle
2.2a.The Tangent Bundle
2.2b.The Unit Tangent Bundle
2.3.The Cotangent Bundle and Phase Space
2.3a.The Cotangent Bundle
2.3b.The Pull-Back of a Covector
2.3c.The Phase Space in Mechanics
2.3d.The Poincare 1-Form
2.4 Tensors
2.4a.Covariant Tensors
2.4b.cONTRAVARIANT tENSORS
2.4c.Mixed Tensors
2.4d.Transformation Properties of Tensors
2.4e.Tensor Fields on Manifolds
2.5.The Grassmann or Exterior Algebra
2.5a.The Tensor Product of Covariant Tensors
2.5v.The Grassmann or Exterior Algebra
2.5c.The Geometric Meaning of Forms in R(n)
2.5e.Computations and Vector Analysis
2.6.Exterior Differentiation
2.6a.The Exterior Differential
2.6b.Examples in R(3)
2.6c.A Coordinate Expression for d
2.7.Pull-Backs
2.7a.The Pull-Back of a Covariant Tensor
2.7b.The Pull-back in Elasticity
2.8 Orientation and Pseudoforms
2.8a.Orientation of a Vector Space
2.8b.Orientation of a Manifold
2.8c.Orientability and 2-Sided Hypersurfaces
2.8d.Projective Spaces
2.8e.Pseudoforms and the Volume Form
2.8f.The Vroducts Form in a Riemannian Manifold
2.9.Interior Products and Vector Analysis
2.9a.Interior Products and Contractions
2.9b.Interior Product in R(3)
2.9c.Vector Analysis in R(3)
2.10.Dictionary
3 Integration of Differential Forms
4 The Lie Derivative
5 The Poincar Lemma and Potentials
6 Holonomic and Nonholonomic Constraints
Ⅱ Geometry and Topology
7 R3 and Minkowski Space
8 The Geometry of Surfaces in R3
9 Covariant Differentiation and Curvature
10 Geodesics
11 Relativity, Tensors, and Curvature
12 Curvature and Topology: Synge’s Theorem
13 Betti Numbers and De Rham’s Theorem
14 Harmonic Forms
Ⅲ Lie Groups, Bundles, and Chern Forms
15 Lie Groups
16 Vector Bundles in Geometry and Physics
17 Fiber Bundles, Gauss\|Bonnet, and Topological Quantization
18 Connections and Associated Bundles
19 The Dirac Equation
20 Yang—Mills Fields
21 Betti Numbers and Covering Spaces
22 Chern Forms and Homotopy Groups
Appendix A.Forms in Continuum Mechanics
Appendix B.Harmonic Chains and Kirchhoff﹀s Circuit Laws
Appendix C.Symmetries,Quarks,and Meson Masses
Appendix D.Representations and Hyperelastic Bodies
Appendix E.Orbits and Morse—Bott THeory in Compact Lie Groups
References
Index
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