PM Writing 4 Sapphire 30 Concrete

　　Levels 30 Sapphire
　　Key learning Area Technology
　　Theme Concrete

　　Title How to Make a Concrete Driveway
　　Text Type Procedure
　　Pages 2–9
　　Text Form Article in a DIY manual
　　Genre Non-fiction
　　Purpose To provide instructions about how to make or do something

　　Text Structure
　　Goal: Outlines what is to be achieved (Page 2)
　　Materials: Specifies the materials needed to achieve the goal (Page 2)
　　Steps: Lists the steps in order of sequence (Pages 3–9)

　　Language Features
　　‧Nouns (e.g. mesh, company, timber)
　　‧Pronouns (e.g. them, it)
　　‧Adjectives (e.g. reinforcing, well-drained)
　　‧Present tense verbs (e.g. Arrange, Check, Install)
　　‧Adverbs (e.g. directly, evenly)
　　‧Adverbial phrases (e.g. along the driveway)

　　Title Using Concrete in Earthquake Areas
　　Text Type Discussion
　　Pages 10–16
　　Text Form Oral presentation at a meeting
　　Genre Non-fiction
　　Purpose To examine more than one side of an issue

　　Text Structure
　　Opening Statement: Outlines the issue (Page 10)
　　Arguments 'For' and 'Against': Includes evidence in support of and against the issue (Pages 12–15)
　　Concluding Statement: Summary of the writer's opinion(Page 16)

　　Language Features
　　‧Nouns (e.g. structures, zones, conditions)
　　‧Pronouns (e.g. they, it)
　　‧Adjectives (e.g. specially-designed, normal)
　　‧Sensing verbs (e.g. hoping, believe)
　　‧Adverbs (e.g. successfully, often)
　　‧Adverbial phrases (e.g. through piles of concrete rubble)
　　‧Conjunctions/Text connectives (e.g. after considering these arguments)