精神疾病經過漫長的蔑視,遲至十八世紀才開始被理性的研究。
擺脫了被污名化與邊緣化的命運,精神病學的研究之路依舊坎坷。
雖然將瘋子用鐵鏈拴起來丟到地窖裡已經是很久以前的事了,但對心理醫生來說,比起找到診治疾病的方法,消除精神疾病的污名並不見得比較容易。對精神病患而言,飽受精神折磨之餘更要面對外界異樣眼光與差別待遇。好在開始研究至今,精神病學已成為醫療學門中的一項專業,大眾對其的認知也逐漸趨向正軌。
前美國精神醫學會會長Jeffrey
Lieberman著筆,以個案紛呈的方式撰寫歷代為精神醫學開啟新猷的心理醫生,或備受爭議的行為療法與醜聞。從精神分析之父佛洛伊德到2000年諾貝爾獎得主肯德爾,可看到精神病學如何從神秘主義者口中的偽科學,經由形形色色的人物與各式各樣的案件,轉變為今日的嚴謹學問。Lieberman甚至開宗明義的表示,「書中記載史上各大騙子與江湖醫生的噁心治療及荒謬理論」。著名的爭議案例像是精神分析師Wilhelm
Reich,認為精神官能症跟性高潮有關,並發展出植物性療法與能量學的理論。他說服病人脫去外衣,擊打身體各部位;將他們關在小箱子中以汲取生命能量,宣稱可以治癒病患。
全書分為三大主題,診斷的歷史、治療的歷史以及第三部分作者稱為「精神病學的重生」,講述最先進的診治方式及革新。Lieberman平鋪直述、慈悲的語氣,除了詳細的記載下數百年來精神醫學的演進史,也將看似複雜的理論與研究化為淺顯易懂的文句。
The fascinating story of psychiatry's origins, demise, and redemption, by the former President of the American Psychiatric Association.
Psychiatry has come a long way since the days of chaining "lunatics" in cold cells and parading them as freakish marvels before a gaping public. But, as Jeffrey Lieberman, MD, reveals in his
extraordinary and eye-opening book, the path to legitimacy for "the black sheep of medicine" has been anything but smooth.
In Shrinks, Dr. Lieberman traces the field from its birth as a mystic pseudo-science through its adolescence as a cult of "shrinks" to its late blooming maturity -- beginning after World
War II -- as a science-driven profession that saves lives. With fascinating case studies and portraits of the luminaries of the field - from Sigmund Freud to Eric Kandel -- Shrinks is
a gripping and illuminating read, and an urgent call-to- arms to dispel the stigma of mental illnesses by treating them as diseases rather than unfortunate states of mind.