內容簡介

人類思想史上最偉大的三部智慧奇書之一。

繼《沉思錄》、《道德情操論》之後,中央編譯出版社推出的又一大師經典。

比《君主論》更親民,比《孫子兵法》更實用,比《道德經》更積極,比《厚黑學》更光明。

本書匯集了300則絕妙的格言警句,論及識人觀事、慎斷是非、修煉自我、防范邪惡等處世智慧和謀略。自1647年問世以來,深受讀者喜愛,歷經幾百年時光之淘洗而不衰。叔本華將其譯為德文,贊譽它「絕對獨一無二」;尼采則斷言:「在剖析道德方面,整個歐洲沒人能比葛拉西安更為慎密、更為精細。」而且,它還與《君王論》、《孫子兵法》一同被歐洲學者視為千百年來人類思想史上具有永恆價值的三大智慧奇書。
 

目錄

譯者序:歷經時光淘洗而不衰的處世經典/1
1.萬物已近極致/3
Everything is at its acme
2.品性與智慧/3
Character and intellect
3.做事時常留有懸念/3
Keep matters for a time in suspense
4.有識亦應有膽/5
Knowledge and courage
5.讓別人依賴你/5
Create a feeling of dependence
6.至善至美的境界/7
A man at his highest point
7.不要比上司更耀眼/9
Avoid victories over superiors
8.不被激情左右/11
To be without passions
9.避免土生土長的缺陷/11
Avoid the faults of your nation
10.財富與名望/13
Fortune and fame
11.擇師而交/13
Cultivate those who can teach you
12.自然和人工:原料與加工/15
Nature and art
13.有時三思而行,有時立下決斷/15
Act sometimes on second thoughts,
sometimes on first impulse
14.事物本身及做事的方法/19
The thing itself and the way it is done
15.廣納賢人/19
Keep ministering spirits
16.學識和善心/21
Knowledge and good intentions
17.變換你的行為模式/21
Vary the mode of action
18.能力和努力/23
Application and ability
19.事前不要讓人期望過高/25
Arouse no exaggerated expectations on entering
20.生逢其時的人/27
A man of the age
21.幸運之道/27
The art of being lucky
22.學以致用/29
A man of knowledge to the point
23.沒有瑕疵/29
Be spotless
24.控制自己的幻想/31
Keep the imagination under control
25.善於領會弦外之音/31
Know how to take a hint
26.揪出他人的把柄/33
Find out each man』s thumbscrew
27.求精深重於求廣博/33
Prize intensity more than extent
28.超凡脫俗/35
Common in nothing
29.剛直的人/35
A man of rectitude
30.不做毀譽之事/37
Have naught to do with occupations of ill-repute
31.學會趨利避害/39
Select the lucky and avoid the unlucky
32.因善行而聞名/39
Have the reputation of being gracious
33.知道如何逃避/41
Know how to withdraw
34.了解自己的最強項/41
Know your strongest point
35.遇事斟酌,遇要事則更要斟酌/43
Think over things, most over the most important
36.進退之際,了解時運/45
In acting or refraining, weigh your luck
37.准備一些譏誚話,並善加利用/45
Keep a store of sarcasms, and know how to use them
38.急流勇退/47
Leave your luck while winning
39.了解事物成熟的時機,並善加利用/49
Recognize when things are ripe, and then enjoy them
40.獲得人們的好感/49
Gain the goodwill of people
41.切勿言過其實/51
Never exaggerate
42.天生為王/53
Born to wommand
43.心隨精英,口隨大眾/53
Think with the few and speak with the many
44.英雄相惜/55
Sympathy with great minds
45.狡猾可以運用,但不能濫用/57
Use, but do not abuse, cunning
46.控制你的反感情緒/57
Master your antipathies
47.避免「為榮譽而決斗」/59
Avoid 「affairs of honour」
48.做一個有深度的人至關重要/59
So much depends on being a person of depth
49.明察善斷/61
Observation and judgment
50.不失自尊/61
Never lose self-respect
51.選擇有道/63
Know how to choose well
52.從不慌亂/63
Never be put out
53.聰明且勤奮/65
Be diligent and intelligent
54.懂得展示你的勇氣/65
Know how to show your teeth
55.善於等待/67
Wait
56.隨機應變/67
Have presence of mind
57.慢且穩/69
Be slow and Sure
58.恰當展現自己/69
Adapt yourself to your company
59.要有完美的收場/71
Finish off well
60.判斷准確/71
A sound judgment
61.卓越之處求卓越/73
To excel in what is excellent
62.善其事必先利其器/73
Use good instruments
63.搶先為上/75
To be the first of the kind is an excellence
64.遠離煩惱/77
Avoid worry
65.培養高雅的品味/77
Elevated taste
66.使結局完美/79
See that things end well
67.選擇能夠獲得殊榮的行業/81
Choose an occupation that wins distinction
68.點撥其心智,勝於助其回憶/81
It is better to help with intelligence than with memory
69.不要沖動行事/83
Do not give way to every common impulse
70.學會拒絕/85
Know how to refuse
71.不要左右搖擺/87
Do not vacillate
72.要當機立斷/87
Be resolute
73.安然退避/89
Utilize slips
74.與人為善/89
Do not be unsociable
75.選擇一位英雄作為偶像/91
Choose a heroic ideal
76.不要總開玩笑/93
Do not always be jesting
77.做人須八面玲瓏/93
Be all things to all men
78.做事有道/95
The art of undertaking things
79.輕松快活的個性/95
A genial disposition
80.獲取信息要謹慎/97
Take care to get information
81.勇於推陳出新/97
Renew your brilliance
82.凡事無論好與壞,不要走極端/99
Drain nothing to the dregs, neither good nor ill
83.容許自己有無傷大雅之過/99
Allow yourself some venial fault
84.善用對手/101
Make use of your enemies
85.不做無所不知之人/103
Do not be a wild card
86.預防流言蜚語/103
Prevent scandal
87.文明和高雅/105
Culture and elegance
88.舉止高貴大方/107
Let your behaviour be fine and noble
89.了解自己/107
Know yourself
90.長壽的秘密/109
The secret of long life
91.對做某事審慎與否若有疑慮,就別著手去做/109
Never set to work at anything if you have
any doubts of its prudence
92.要有超凡的智慧/111
Transcendent wisdom
93.多才多藝/111
Versatility
94.讓你的才能高深莫測/113
Keep the extent of your abilities unknown
95.讓人們保持對你的期望/113
Keep expectation alive
96.至高無上的辨別力/113
The highest discretion
97.贏得並維護美名/115
Obtain and preserve a reputation
98.掩飾你的意圖/115
Write your intentions in cypher
99.本質與表象/117
Reality and appearance
100.做一個清醒的人,智慧的信徒,賢能的臣子/117
Be a man without illusions,
a wise christian, a philosophic courtier
101.世上的一半人嘲笑另一半人,其實他們都是蠢人/119
One half of the world laughs at the other,
and fools are they all
102.天降大福需有大心胸消受/119
Be able to stomach big slices of luck
103.讓每人都保有尊嚴/121
Let each keep up his dignity
104.明確不同工作的要求/123
Know the demands of different occupations
105.勿遭人煩/123
Don’’t be a bore
106.勿炫耀你的地位/125
Do not parade your position
107.勿自鳴得意/127
Show no self-satisfaction
108.與人同行是成為偉人的捷徑/129
The path to greatness is along with others
109.不要吹毛求疵/129
Be not censorious
110.不要坐以待斃/131
Do not wait till you are a sinking sun
111.贏得朋友/131
Have friends
112.博取他人的好感/133
Gain good-will
113.未雨綢繆/135
In prosperity prepare for adversity
114.避免與人相爭/135
Never compete
115.習慣熟人的缺點/137
Get used to the failings of your familiars
116.只和可敬之人交往/137
Only act with honourable men
117.決不談論自己/139
Never talk about yourself
118.要贏得謙恭有禮的名聲/139
Acquire the reputation of courtesy
119.避免惹人厭煩/141
Avoid becoming disliked
120.生活講求實際/143
Live practically
121.不要小題大做/145
Do not make a business of what is no business
122.言行應有威信/145
Distinction in speech and action
123.避免矯揉造作/147
Avoid affectation
124.要被他人想念/147
Get yourself missed
125.不要成為污點記錄簿/149
Do not be a black list
126.愚蠢並非做了蠢事,而在於做後不知掩飾/151
Folly consists not in
committing folly, but in not hiding it when committed
127.凡是從容優雅/151
Grace in everything
128.要有高遠的志向/153
Highmindedness
129.從不抱怨/153
Never complain
130.要干,且要讓人看見/155
Do and be seen doing
131.慷慨大度/157
Nobility of feeling
132.修正自己的判斷/157
Revise your judgments
133.寧可同醉,而不獨醒/159
Better mad with the rest of the world than wise alone
134.加倍儲存你的資源/159
Double your resources
135.不要滋長唱反調的習氣/161
Do not nourish the spirit of contradiction
136.抓住事情關鍵/163
Post yourself in the centre of things
137.聖人自足/163
The sage should be self-sufficing
138.任其自然的藝術/165
The art of letting things alone
139.冷靜面對倒霉的日子/165
Recognize unlucky days
140.一眼看到事物好的一面/167
Find the good in a thing at once
141.不要只傾聽自己的聲音/169
Do not listen to yourself
142.當對手先站在正確的一方時,你不能固執地站在錯誤的一方/171
Never from obstinacy take the wrong side because your
opponent has anticipated you in taking the right one
143.別為免俗而玩弄詭辯之術/173
Never become paradoxical in order to avoid the trite
144.開始於他人,受用於自己/173
Begin with another’’s to end with your own
145.藏好你受傷的手指/175
Do not show your wounded finger
146.透過現象看本質/177
Look into the interior of things
147.采納他人的建議/177
Do not be inaccessible
148.掌握談話的藝術/179
Have the art of conversation
149.懂得推罪於人/181
Know how to put off ills on others
150.推銷得法/181
Know how to get your price for things
151.高瞻遠矚/183
Think beforehand
152.不與令自己黯然失色之人為伍/185
Never have a companion who casts you in the shade
153.不要去填補前人留下的巨大空缺/185
Beware of entering where there is a great gap to be filled
154.不輕易相信,也不輕易喜歡/187
Do not believe, or like, lightly
155.掌控激情的藝術/189
The art of mastering your passions
156.選擇你的朋友/189
Select your friends
157.識人別出錯/191
Do not make mistakes about character
158.善用朋友/193
Make use of your friends
159.忍受愚蠢/195
Put up with fools
160.說話要謹慎/195
Be careful in speaking
161.認清自身喜愛的缺點/197
Know your pet faults
162.如何戰勝對手和誹謗者/197
How to triumph over rivals and detractors
163.決不因同情而卷入他人的不幸/199
Never, from sympathy with the unfortunate,
involve yourself in his fate
164.投石問路/201
Throw straws in the air
165.斗爭也要講體面/201
Wage war honourably
166.分辨善言者與善行者/203
Distinguish the man of words from the man of deeds
167.知道怎樣依靠自己/203
Know how to take your own part
168.不要淪為愚蠢的怪物/205
Do not indulge in the eccentricities of folly
169.多加小心,避免萬一失手勝過百發百中/207
Be more careful not to miss once
than to hit a hundred times
170.凡事有所保留/207
In all things keep something in reserve
171.不要濫用人情/209
Do not waste influence
172.決不與一無所有者爭斗/209
Never contend with a man who has nothing to lose
173.與人相交,不要像玻璃般易碎,朋友間尤其如此/211
Do not be glass in intercourse, still less in friendship
174.不要活在匆忙中/213
Do not live in a hurry
175.做個實在的人/213
A solid man
176.自知或從知者處知/215
Have knowledge, or know those that have knowledge
177.避免與人太親近/217
Avoid familiarities in intercourse
178.信賴你的內心/217
Trust your heart
179.緘默是才能的標志/219
Reticence is the seal of capacity
180.決不被敵人誤導/221
Never be guided by what your enemy has done
┅┅
295.若未奏效,不要邀功/359
Do not affect what you have not effected
296.高貴的品質/361
Noble qualities
297.行動總如處於監視中/361
Always act as if your acts were seen
298.可造就非凡之人的三大要素/363
Three things go to a prodigy
299.讓人有飢餓感/363
Leave off hungry
300.總而言之,做一位聖徒/365
In one word, be a saint
 



在許多歐洲學者眼里,人類思想史上具有永恆價值的處世智慧包含於三大奇書之中:一是馬基雅維里的《君王論》,二是孫武的《孫子兵法》,三就是葛拉西安的《智慧書》。《君王論》主要是為那些處心積慮想取得或保有王權的帝王而寫;《孫子兵法》則主要為那些運籌於帷幄之中的將帥而寫,而《智慧書》呢,卻是為每一個人為人處世、安身立命而寫。

如果單從處世智慧來看,《智慧書》則是三本奇書中最微妙、最具實用價值的一本。德國大哲學家叔本華曾刻意將《慧智書》譯成德文,並盛贊此書「絕對的獨一無二」。尼采也贊揚此書在論述道德的奧妙方面,整個歐洲也沒有一本書比它更精微、更曲折多姿;他在一則札記中寫道:「葛拉西安的人生經驗顯示出今日無人能比的智慧與穎悟。」



《智慧書》的作者巴爾塔沙·葛拉西安是17世紀西班牙思想家、哲學家,也是一位滿懷人世熱忱的耶穌會教士,他的一生充滿了坎坷。葛拉西安於1601年生於西班牙阿拉貢的貝爾蒙特村,1619年進入耶穌會見習修行,此後歷任軍中神父、告解神父、宣教師、教授及行政人員。雖未曾擔任要職,但常與公職人員及賢達人士交往,善於察言觀行,因而獲得其格言警句之靈感。1636年,其處女作《英雄》問世,旋即引起轟動;1647年,其經典之作(《智慧書》出版,掀起了更大的波瀾!

葛拉西安因筆鋒犀利、譏諷政治,被耶穌會警告,未獲批准不得出版作品。1651年,葛拉西安開始以寓言小說形式探討人生,以純朴的田園生活反襯文明社會中的邪惡,諷刺巨作《批評家》問世。為此,他被耶穌會解除了教席,放逐至一鄉下小鎮,受人監視,直至1658年終老於此。

在隨後的幾百年間,葛拉西安的多部作品被人模仿,並被翻譯成各種文字,風行全球,經久不衰。他的思想對伏爾泰和高乃依等在內的許多歐洲著名道德倫理學家,以及德國17~18世紀的宮廷文學、19世紀的哲學都產生過重要的影響。



《智慧書》是葛拉西安的巔峰之作,匯集300則妙言警句,濃縮人生處世智慧之精華,可謂則則精辟、字字珠璣,充滿了無價的生活智慧和修成智慧實際可行的法門。

在書中,作者以一種令人驚異的冷峻態度,對世俗的道德進行了深刻的反思,對於真相與表象、自私與友愛、機智與傲慢等,都提出了銳利的分析和實用的建議;為世人提供了識人觀事、慎斷是非、修煉自我、防范邪惡等處世智慧和謀略。通過這些睿智精妙的人生格言,讀者不僅可獲得克服生活困境的良方,更重要的是可增強對生活的理解和洞察力。閱讀此書,一方面使我們嘆服作者智慧的審慎態度,另一方面又使我們產生向善的心理。

《智慧書》行文簡潔,立意遣詞機趣多端,處處蘊藏智慧,讀者須慢嚼細咽,仔細揣摩,每次只取一二句格言流連玩味,終致有所助益。



本書已有七種英譯本,在國外被多家出版社反復重印。馬德里皇家歷史學院通訊院士約瑟夫·雅各布斯將其譯為The Art of Worid1y Wisdom。該譯本文字洗練優美,最忠實地傳達了原著者的思想觀點,最完美地體現了原著的行文風格,在英語世界具有廣泛的影響。此次推出英漢對照版,旨在兼供英語愛好者對照閱讀,取一舉兩得之妙。
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