The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable
- 作者:Nissim Nicholas Taleb
- 出版社:Random House
- 出版日期:2008-02-28
- 語言:英文
- ISBN10:0812979184
- ISBN13:9780812979183
- 裝訂:平裝 / 普通級 / 初版
所謂黑天鵝,是指看似極不可能發生的事件,它具三大特性:不可預測性;衝擊力強大;以及,一旦發生之後,我們會編造出某種解釋,使它看起來不如實際上那麼隨機,而且更易於預測。Google的驚人成就就是一個黑天鵝事件;九一一也是。作者認為,黑天鵝潛藏在幾乎每一件事的背後──從宗教之興起,到我們個人生活中的大小事件。
為什麼要等到事情發生之後,我們才認得出黑天鵝現象呢?部分的答案是,在應該注意普遍現象時,人們長久以來卻習慣注意特定事件。我們習慣注意已經知道的事情,卻一而再再而三忽略我們所不知道的事情。因此,我們無法真正地評估機會;我們很容易將事情簡化、予以敘述、分類;而且我們不夠開放,沒能珍視那些能夠想像「不可能事物」的人。
多年來,作者一直在研究我們是怎樣欺騙自己,以為自己知道的比實際上知道的還多。我們總是只看到無足輕重的事情,而大的事件卻繼續在你我的驚嘆聲中出現,並形塑著這個世界。本書試圖解釋我們對於「我們所不知道的事物」所知道的一切。作者提出簡單得令人吃驚的技巧,協助讀者面對黑天鵝現象,並從這些意外的大事件獲益。
優雅、驚豔,且應用廣泛,《黑天鵝效應》將改變你的世界觀。塔雷伯是個極為有趣的作者,告訴我們許多慧黠、有點無禮,但很不一樣的故事。他博學多聞,從認知科學、到商學,到機率論。《黑天鵝效應》是劃時代之作──它本身就是黑天鵝事件。
中文本《黑天鵝效應》由「大塊文化」出版。
A black swan is a highly improbable event with three principal characteristics: It is unpredictable; it carries a massive impact; and, after the fact, we concoct an explanation that makes it appear less random, and more predictable, than it was. The astonishing success of Google was a black swan; so was 9/11. For Nassim Nicholas Taleb, black swans underlie almost everything about our world, from the rise of religions to events in our own personal lives.
Why do we not acknowledge the phenomenon of black swans until after they occur? Part of the answer, according to Taleb, is that humans are hardwired to learn specifics when they should be focused on generalities. We concentrate on things we already know and time and time again fail to take into consideration what we don’t know. We are, therefore, unable to truly estimate opportunities, too vulnerable to the impulse to simplify, narrate, and categorize, and not open enough to rewarding those who can imagine the ”impossible.” For years, Taleb has studied how we fool ourselves into thinking we know more than we actually do. We restrict our thinking to the irrelevant and inconsequential, while large events continue to surprise us and shape our world. Now, in this revelatory book, Taleb explains everything we know about what we don’t know. He offers surprisingly simple tricks for dealing with black swans and benefiting from them.
Elegant, startling, and universal in its applications The Black Swan will change the way you look at the world. Taleb is a vastly entertaining writer, with wit, irreverence, and unusual stories to tell. He has a polymathic command of subjects ranging from cognitive science tobusiness to probability theory. The Black Swan is a landmark book-itself a black swan.
作者簡介
納西姆.尼可拉斯.塔雷伯(Nassim Nicholas Taleb)
有時是隨筆作家,有時是經驗論者,有時是不說空話的交易員,他把一生都花在埋首研究幸運、不確定性、機率,和知識的問題上。塔雷伯生在黎巴嫩一個希臘正教的家庭裡。在他追求更具思考性,及更具他所謂「非交易」的目標之前,他是個衍生性商品交易員,為自己做,也為華爾街的公司操盤;也做過芝加哥的場內交易員。他擁有華頓商學院(Wharton School)的企管碩士及巴黎大學(University of Paris)的博士學位。在從事交易期間,曾經在紐約大學(New York University)的庫朗數學學院(Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences)教了七年的機率理論在風險管理之應用(兼職)。目前他暫時告別活躍的生活,到麻州大學安默斯特分校(University of Massachusetts at Amherst)擔任客座教授。他上一本書《隨機的致富陷阱》(Fooled by Randomness)為暢銷書,已經以二十種語言發行(甚至包括法文)。塔雷伯大多住在紐約。