Introduction
1.Historical Overview
Early Views
Katharina Reiss and the Functional Category of Translation Criticism
Hans J.Vermeer:Skopostheoric and Beyond
Justa Holz-Manttari and the Theory of Translation Action
Functionalist Methodology in Translator Training
2.Translating and the Theory of Action
Translating as a fROM OF Translational Interaction
Translating as Intentional Interaction
Translating as Interpersonal Interaction
Translating as a Communicative Action
Translating as Intercultural Action
Translating as a Text-Processing Action
3.Basic Concepts of Skopostheorie
Skopos,Aim,Purpose,Intention,Function and Translation Brief
Interatextual and Intertextual Coherence
The Concept of Culture and Culture-Specificity
Adequacy and Equivalence
The Role of Text Classifications
4.Functionalism in Translator Training
A Translation-Oriented Model of Text Functions
A Functional Typology of Translations
Norms and Conventions in Functional Translation
Source-text Analysis,Translation Briefs and Identifying Translation Problems
A Functional Hierarchy of Translation Problems
Translation Units Revisited
Translation Errors and Translation Evaluation
5.Functionalism in Lieterary Translation
Actional Aspects of Literary Communication
Literary Communication across Culture Barriers
Skopos and Assignment in Literary Translation
Some examples
6.Functionalist Approaches to Interpreting
The Role of Interpreting in Skopostheorie
Translator Training:From Interpreting to Translation
A Functionalist Approach to Simultaneous Interpreting
7.Criticisms
8.Function plus Loyalty
9.Funture Perspective
Glossary
Bibliographical References