Acknowledgements
Preface
SECTION ONE The linguistic background
D.H.Hymes:On Communicative Competence(extracts)
M.A.K.Halliday:Towards a Sociological Semantics(extracts)
SECTION TWO The background to teaching
H.G.Widdowson:Directions in the Teaching of Dis-course
H.G.Widdowson:The Deep Structure of Discourse and the Use of Translation
Christopher N.Candlin:The Status of Pedagogical Grammars
D.A.Wilkins:Grammatical,Situational and Notional Syllabuses
D.A.Wilkins:Notional Syllabuses and the Concept of a Minimum Adequate Grammar
SECTION THREE Applications and techniques
J.L.M.Trim:Draft Outline of a European Unit/Credit System for Modern Language Learning by Adults(extract)
J.van Ek:The Threshold Level(extracts)
H.G.Widdowson:The Teaching of English as Com-munication
J.P.B Allen and H.G.Widdowson:Teaching the Communicative Use of English
Keith Morrow:Communicative Language Testing:Revolution or Evolution?
SECTION FOUR Methodological perspectives
Leonard Newmark:How Not to Interfere with Language Learning
Richard Allwright:Language Learning through Com-munication Practice
C.J.Brumfit:『Communicative』Language Teaching:an Educational Perspective
Keith Johnson:Communicative Approaches and Com-municative Processes
Conclusion
APPENDIX Extracts from teaching materials
References
Index